The Validity concerns whether a research method gives a true picture of what it claims to have recorded, and show social realities as they really are. No matter how reliable data may be, it will always be limited in its validity if the researcher cannot show that it gives a true account of what is being studied.  For instance, the local government of Jakarta records the number of people who are suffered from famine, but until the problem knowing the person who is suffered is not same with the fact, there will always be questions concerning their validity. That will one of the data whether acceptable or no to be studied.
The Reliability is whether the data is existing or real in the reality. Sociologically, total reliability is difficult to achieve in any social research, although quantitative methods are most likely to aspire to it. It is almost impossible in any qualitative research, given that this research, may typically take the form of individual observing a group over several years, though this kind of research may in any case wish to emphasize the validity of its data is over its objectivity. It seems like the other three of key concepts. The power is when we can explain objectively based on the research we do, unlike truth and objectivity is most likely to the truthiness of the data.
    We are going now to the steps of conducting the research. The stages of research design is having decided on an area of subject for research, a typical project would need to:
- Decide on research strategy
-Formulate research problems and hypothesis
-Decide on how and whether to use sampling techniques and pilot studies
-Conduct the research
-Interpret the result
- Report the findings.
Therefore, we are going to tell further about the stages deeply. Deciding on research strategy is to extent to which a topic or issue can be studied will depend on a number of factors, including : time available, human and physical resources available, accessibility of data, as well as consideration of what kind of data will need to be generated-whether primary or secondary and qualitative or quantitative. The theoretical standpoint of the researcher will also be important, particularly their views on the scientific approach, and the role of positivism and phenomenology in sociology. Formulate research when studies that are based on hypothesis( statement that demand to be tested) will usually take the researcher in the direction of a search for hard quantitative data, where the emphasis is on proof and reliability, echoing the methods of the natural sciences, with the objects if generalizing results across the overall population in consideration. Deciding on how or whether to use sampling techniques and pilot studies. According to the testing in much research’s to see the questions are clear and intelligible. By the data design the generate quantitative data for reason for time and resources it is unlikely that the entire field can be surveyed. And the overall group sample is called sampling frame. There are many types of sampling. First is quota sampling, this is any form of selection where any individuals have the same chance of being Selected as another from the sampling frame-probability sampling. Second, stratified random sampling. It would endeavor of the represent as exactly as possible one or many of the social characteristics of members of the sampling friend. Age and sex then become key variables in interpreting the resulting data.  It used to show a cross-section of a group or community. The third, quota sampling. It will selected until a particular quota of types or classification has been made, without any effort being made to ensure that there is an equal chance of any individual from the sampling frame being selected. The fourth, multi-stage sampling. This involved taking a sample of a sample, and is most often use where the sampling firm is large and complex. The fifth, snowballing, where one person will refer the interviewer to another as a means of building a wider picture. Conducting the research, once considerations concerning the size, shape, and practicality of any research have been made, methods chosen and trialed, then the research project can now be conducted. Interpreting the results once the research has been conducted. Reporting the findings, research reports need to be as full an account of the project as possible, comprehensively detailing all the stages listed above. Theory and methods the link between theory and research methods is considered to be at the heart of the understanding of sociology.